Plenty of people have tried, eg: Simon Fairlie's various scenarios here: https://www.thelandmagazine.org.uk/articles/can-britain-feed-itself but generally agree that there's no way to support current population levels without fossil fuel-based fertilisers. Last I heard around 50% of the current human biomass is derived from artificial nitrates* That will vary from place to place, and not every crop needs fertiliser in the same way (older wheat strains did better without it, just weren't as productive) but I don't think you can escape the fact that the population added since the haber bosch process was invented just over 100 years ago is in excess of what can be supported by the planet long term. In fact it's more than that because agricultural soils have been depleted and eroded away significantly during that time, with fertilisers and other chemical & machine-based fixes masking the effect, so without them we will likely see a drop to production levels significantly below what they were pre-20thC. Which means a decline in over all population, one way or another (preferably through declining birth rates vs death rates rather than mass famine, disease, war etc)
Something Fairlie and others touch on is re-ruralisation. In a sense the whole point of industrialising agriculture has been to free up extra labour for work in factories and cities, because an old man and a tractor can now do the same amount of work it previously took 50 people to do. In theory if a certain percentage of those 50 people went back to some form of rural food production, at some point it would counter the efficiency losses from a lack of fossil fuel because they would now be producers rather than consumers. The problems you would run into would be whether there was enough land available to do that in a more labour-intensive way, what kind of social form it would take (historically it was slavery) and what would happen to the rest of society during that process. A load of bullsh!t jobs would disappear (hooray!) but it's hard to see how cities could be sustained without the same level of resources flowing into them from the hinterlands that they've grown dependent on. Personally I've never liked cities all that much, but I understand quite a lot of people have grown attached to them(!)
Anyway, it's all going to be a huge mess and there's going to be a colossal amount of suffering - most of it caused by people trying to hold on to their wealth and status, or corporations sacrificing anything to maintain an illusion of quarterly growth - but there must still be sane ways to navigate through it. Not that I've had much luck trying it myself up to this point!
cheers,
I
* - https://www.acffa.org/classes/Articles/Plant_Science/Nitrogen_fertilizer_article.htm
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